In which sequence do Buteo, Parabuteo, and Accipiter molt their primary wing feathers?

The correct sequence for molting primary wing feathers in Buteo, Parabuteo, and Accipiter begins with the innermost primary feather and then proceeds outward. This pattern is consistent across many raptor species, allowing for gradual replacement of feathers while maintaining flight capabilities.

Molting is an essential process for birds, as it enables them to replace worn or damaged feathers and ensures optimal performance in flight, insulation, and display. Starting with the innermost feathers helps maintain balance as the bird continues to develop new feathers, which is particularly important for flight stability. Additionally, this method allows the raptor to retain effective wing function during the molting period.

The other options describe different molting patterns that are not typical for Buteo, Parabuteo, or Accipiter. Starting from the outermost primary or following an irregular sequence does not provide the same aerodynamic and functional benefits that the correct sequence does. Thus, knowing the characteristic molting sequence helps falconers understand the birds’ maintenance needs and behavior during this important lifecycle phase.